Skip to main content

Page last checked

How-to · reconstitution

How to reconstitute Thymosin alpha-1 10 mg

In this example, 1 mL of bacteriostatic water in a 10 mg Thymosin alpha-1 vial gives 10.00 mg/mL. An example 1.6 mg amount is then 16.0 units on a U-100 syringe.

This example lands on a syringe line. More water makes a weaker mix and a bigger draw. Less water makes a stronger mix and a smaller one. The amount of Thymosin alpha-1 stays the same. Use the diluent and volume specified for your product; the arithmetic alone does not choose them.

What matters first

Example water volume
1 mL
Resulting strength
10.00 mg/mL
Example 1.6 mg dose
16.0 U-100 units

How much bacteriostatic water for a 10 mg Thymosin alpha-1 vial?

◆ Unique to the 10 mg vialU-100 example draws
Water addedConcentrationPer U-100 unitExample: 1.6 mg =
1 mL10.00 mg/mL100 mcg16.0 units
2 mL5.00 mg/mL50 mcg32.0 units

Straight arithmetic: concentration = 10 mg ÷ liquid volume, and 1 U-100 unit = 0.01 mL. The example column shows the math at 1.6 mg; it is not a dose recommendation.

The table compares possible concentrations; it does not establish which diluent or volume suits your product. Follow its dispensing instructions.

“Hard to measure” means the example draw is below two U-100 units. “Won’t fit” means it exceeds this syringe’s capacity.

Thymosin alpha-1 10 mg vial: example mixing volumes. Each row is what that amount draws on a U-100 syringe. 1 mL makes 10.00 mg/mL, or 100 mcg a unit, and 1.6 mg is 16 units. 2 mL makes 5.00 mg/mL, or 50 mcg a unit, and 1.6 mg is 32 units. The barrel drawn here is filled to 16 units, the draw at 1 mL. The sum is 10 mg divided by the liquid volume. One U-100 unit is 0.01 mL.
The 10 mg vial at 1 mL on a U-100 barrel. 1.6 mg fills to 16.0 units, at 10.00 mg/mL.

Medically reviewed by Kenneth Montecillo, MD2026-09-07open the primary sources

What is Thymosin alpha-1?

Thymosin alpha-1 is a peptide 28 amino acids long, first pulled out of calf thymus extract in the 1970s. It acts on how T cells mature and signal.

How many units is a documented dose from this vial?

The table above uses one worked example. These are the published quantities, converted into marks on a U-100 barrel at each listed liquid volume for a 10 mg vial. Where a quantity was never studied by injection, the row says so.

1.6 mg — studied in a trial

1.6 mg twice a week, for 26 or 52 weeks, in a 98-patient randomized trial in chronic hepatitis B, under the skin.

1.6 mg once daily for the first week, then twice a week to week 12, in a 120-patient randomized trial in hepatitis-B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure, under the skin.

1.6 mg every 12 hours for up to seven days, under the skin. The regimen of the 1,106-participant phase 3 trial that found no mortality benefit.

Water addedConcentrationDraw
1 mL10.00 mg/mL16.0 units
2 mL5.00 mg/mL32.0 units

Human trialChien RN, et al. Hepatitis B virus genotype B is associated with better response to thymosin alpha1 therapy than genotype C. J Viral Hepat 2006;13(12):845-50 · retrieved 2026-08-12

Human trialChen JF, et al. Safety and efficacy of Thymosin alpha1 in the treatment of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatol Int 2022;16(4):775-88 · retrieved 2026-08-12

Human trialNCT02867267 — The Efficacy and Safety of Thymosin Alpha 1 for Sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial · retrieved 2026-08-12

1.6–6.4 mg — studied in a trial

1.6–6.4 mg on days 8–11 and 15–18 of each 28-day cycle, under the skin. The three arms (1.6, 3.2 and 6.4 mg) of a 488-participant phase 2 dose-ranging trial in metastatic melanoma.

Water addedConcentrationDraw, low to high
1 mL10.00 mg/mL16.0 to 64.0 units
2 mL5.00 mg/mL32.0 to 128.0 unitswon’t fit

Human trialNCT00911443 — Phase 2 multicentre randomised dose-ranging study of dacarbazine plus interferon alpha plus thymosin alpha 1 in advanced metastatic malignant melanoma (488 participants) · retrieved 2026-08-12

Six draws, and every reading halves against the smaller vial

Twice the powder of the smaller size, so the same amount draws half as far up the barrel at the same water volume. Six doses, with both listed volumes still landing on syringe lines.

3Read the full vial record — 3 notes

Doubling the vial halves the draw

Twice the drug mass in the same liquid volume is twice the concentration, so the same dose takes half the liquid. Six doses instead of three, and readings at half the height.

Both still land on whole-unit marks in the illustration. The smaller volume is not evidence of a smaller drug dose: the concentration has risen by the same factor that the draw has fallen.

Six draws against the intervals the trials used

The published regimens differ mainly in how often they gave the same amount — twice a week in some, daily for a stretch in others.

Read against a twice-weekly interval this vial is about three weeks. Read against a daily one it is under a week. The count of doses only becomes a duration once you name the interval.

No sourced window for a vial that lasts weeks

No storage limit is assigned to this worked example. Storage instructions matter for both vial sizes, regardless of whether the calculated quantity gives three complete portions or six.

The required limit would need to apply to the specific prepared product. It cannot be inferred from the larger amount of drug or from the dose count alone.

How do you mix it, step by step?

  1. Wipe both stoppers with an alcohol swab and let them dry.
  2. Check the product’s mixing instructions for the correct diluent and volume before drawing it up.
  3. Let the water run slowly down the inside wall of the Thymosin alpha-1 vial, rather than jetting it onto the powder.
  4. Follow the product’s instructions for mixing and checking the solution before use. Do not assume every powder uses the same method.
  5. Store it as the dispensing label directs. What happens after mixing differs by product — some labels direct against refrigerating the mixed solution at all.

What if your water volume is not on the table?

The calculator lets you enter your product’s vial strength and mixing volume, then shows the arithmetic for your syringe.

Open the Thymosin alpha-1 calculator →

Where to read next about Thymosin alpha-1

The arithmetic on this page is only half the question. These are the pages that carry the other half.

Thymosin alpha-1 research, dosing, and approval status

No regulator has approved Thymosin alpha-1; the guide separates human studies from reported use.

Take the Thymosin alpha-1 arithmetic to any other vial

Concentration, units per draw and draws per vial, including Thymosin alpha-1

The dated regulatory page for Thymosin alpha-1 and the rest

Every entry cites its source. It comes from the Federal Register or fda.gov, with Thymosin alpha-1 as context

Find Thymosin alpha-1 in the mixing and injection guides

Browse the available mixing and injection guides for more context on Thymosin alpha-1.

4primary sources, each with the day we read it — open the documents used on this page