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Research compound · not FDA-approved

Brenipatide

Also called LY3537031.

Brenipatide is an experimental injection that activates both GIP and GLP-1 receptors.

What matters first

Why people look it up
Researchers are studying it for alcohol use disorder, major depression and other conditions.
What the evidence shows
The checked registries have no posted results, and the current-name PubMed search found no papers.
Dose status
No completed controlled human trial has shown which dose works for Brenipatide. A few people may have received it in small reports, but that cannot show which dose works. The sections below separate study findings from what people report using.

Evidence snapshot

No human dose shown to work

The fastest way to see what kind of evidence this page is built on.

Regulation
Not FDA-approvedNo US prescribing label
Dose source
No human doseNo established schedule or range
Safety evidence
No human safety findingsNo human safety data
Sources
8 cited sourcesMedical review complete · 2026-09-07
Open the shareable evidence image
Brenipatide at a glance: no human dose shown to work, dosing basis, regulatory status, safety coverage, and cited-source count. These details summarize the available sources; they are not treatment recommendations.

Further down: research and dosing details · how it works · how good the evidence is · questions

Medically reviewed by Kenneth Montecillo, MD2026-09-07open the primary sources

What is known about Brenipatide

Brenipatide (LY3537031) is an experimental shot that turns on both GIP and GLP-1 receptors. Lilly is studying it for alcohol use disorder, major depression and other conditions. ClinicalTrials.gov lists 18 registered studies. Four are Phase 3. None has posted results.

A PubMed search under its current names found no papers. There is no published evidence yet that it helps any of those conditions. There is also no published evidence of a specific weight result.

Brenipatide research and regulatory details: evidence quality, approval status, doses, handling, and presentation.
TopicValue
Strongest sourceno human dose shown to work
FDA approvalNot FDA-approved
PresentationBrenipatide has no approved product, vial, mixing instructions or publicly disclosed study dose.

Every row links back to a source listed below. These facts are for reference, not a personal recommendation.

How Brenipatide works

Brenipatide acts at GIP + GLP-1. Here is what that means.

A dual agonist switches on the receptors for both hormones your gut releases after eating: GLP-1 and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). Both were first understood as insulin boosters, and combining them started out as a diabetes idea. The weight loss that followed was bigger than the GLP-1 half alone would explain, and researchers still do not agree on why.

◆ Receptor targets2 of 4 · GIP + GLP-1
4What each receptor does — 4 rows in the data table
Receptors targeted by Brenipatide, and what each receptor does
ReceptorBrenipatideWhat it does
GLP-1targetedInsulin release while blood sugar is rising, less glucagon, slower stomach emptying, and less appetite — the same physiology a single-target drug produces, carried here by the same molecule.
GIPtargetedpancreatic isletGIP is the other gut hormone, released higher up the small intestine. It boosts insulin alongside GLP-1, which is why the two together move blood sugar more than either does alone.adipose tissue and brainGIP receptors also sit on fat cells. There, the hormone has a hand in how nutrients get stored and how blood moves through fat tissue. These receptors also sit in the brain regions handling appetite and nausea. What GIP actually contributes to weight loss is disputed — blocking the same receptor has also produced benefit in experiments.
Glucagonnot targeted—
Amylinnot targeted—

The same four receptor groups are shown for every drug, so the differences are easy to compare. Targets come from the drug class. Any result specific to Brenipatide comes from the cited sources.

The honest summary: the two-receptor design has beaten single-target GLP-1 in trials, and the explanation is unfinished. One leading idea is that GIP signaling in the brain dampens the nausea that limits GLP-1 dosing. In that hypothesis, a dual agonist can be pushed further before side effects stop it. That is a hypothesis, not a finding — any confident story about what GIP does is running ahead of the evidence.

What the evidence for Brenipatide is

No completed controlled human trial has shown which dose works. People may report using a range, but that is not a tested dosing schedule.

no human dose shown to work
What it establishes
Animal studies or small reports can show that researchers are exploring the compound. They cannot show which dose works in people.
What it does not establish
A validated dose, schedule, duration, safety margin, or reliable figure for how long it stays in the body.

If a number appears, it describes what people report using. It is not a trial result or a recommendation. If there is no number, no study has produced one.

Where Brenipatide is in clinical trials

18 registered studies; the program has reached phase 3, and 11 are still enrolling.

The soonest a running study expects to finish measuring people is February 2027. That is when the sponsor expects to finish collecting the main measurement. It is not a results date, and not a date anything goes on sale.

  • Phase 3Recruiting

    A Study of Brenipatide in Adult Participants With Major Depressive Disorder

    Eli Lilly and Company · Depressive Disorder, Major · 1,000 participants planned · started February 2026

    Main measurement due February 2028 (sponsor estimate)

    NCT07412756 on ClinicalTrials.gov

  • Phase 3Recruiting

    A Study of Brenipatide in Participants With Alcohol Use Disorder

    Eli Lilly and Company · Alcohol Use Disorder · 1,100 participants planned · started October 2025

    Main measurement due April 2028 (sponsor estimate)

    NCT07219953 on ClinicalTrials.gov

  • Phase 3Recruiting

    A Study of Brenipatide in Participants With Moderate-to-Severe Alcohol Use Disorder

    Eli Lilly and Company · Alcohol Use Disorder · 1,100 participants planned · started October 2025

    Main measurement due April 2028 (sponsor estimate)

    NCT07219966 on ClinicalTrials.gov

A registered study means a sponsor filed a plan and started enrolling. It is not evidence the drug works, and most drugs tested in people never reach a pharmacy. Sponsors write and update these sources themselves; the National Library of Medicine publishes them without checking them.

ClinicalTrials.gov · retrieved 2026-09-07

Every compound we track, and what stage each one has reached →

Regulatory status

Brenipatide is investigational.

It has no FDA-approved product or dosing label. Registered studies do not establish a treatment benefit, dose, safety profile, availability date or price.

Full regulatory tracker →

Where to go next on Brenipatide

Every dosing schedule, including brenipatide

7 pages carry trial arms — which is a different object from a chart, with brenipatide as context

Petrelintide on its own page, separate from brenipatide

Petrelintide has published human trial data, separate from brenipatide.

The source-checked eloralintide entry, beyond the brenipatide one

No regulator has approved eloralintide — beyond brenipatide.

The source-checked pemvidutide entry, beyond the brenipatide one

No regulator has approved pemvidutide — beyond brenipatide.

The generic calculator behind the brenipatide one

Vial strength and water volume in and the exact mark out, with brenipatide as context

What the mazdutide page carries, separate from brenipatide

6 sourced mazdutide reactions, on its own page, separate from brenipatide.

What the zenagamtide page carries, separate from brenipatide

2 sourced zenagamtide reactions, on its own page, separate from brenipatide.

Cagrilintide on its own page, separate from brenipatide

Cagrilintide has published human trial data, separate from brenipatide.

The source-checked survodutide entry, beyond the brenipatide one

No regulator has approved survodutide — beyond brenipatide.

The source-checked liraglutide entry, beyond the brenipatide one

An approved liraglutide label exists — beyond brenipatide.

Safety notes

  • No Brenipatide study currently posts results on ClinicalTrials.gov
  • A PubMed search under Brenipatide or LY3537031 returned no papers
  • No FDA-approved product, dose, price or availability date exists

Questions about Brenipatide

Is Brenipatide FDA-approved?

No. There is no prescribing label for it, so no approved dose exists — the regulatory status section above has the detail.

How is Brenipatide taken?

No completed controlled human trial has established a dose, frequency, or route, so no human schedule is published.

How does Brenipatide differ from the other compounds in this class?

It acts at GIP + GLP-1. Adding or removing a receptor changes the effect. It also changes how much people can tolerate. These molecules are not swappable at the same number of milligrams. Comparing them milligram for milligram is the most common mistake in this category.

The nearest alternatives act elsewhere:

  • Semaglutide (GLP-1 alone)
  • Liraglutide (GLP-1 alone)
  • Retatrutide (GIP + GLP-1 + glucagon)
  • Cagrilintide (amylin)
  • Survodutide (glucagon + GLP-1)
  • Mazdutide (glucagon + GLP-1)
  • Zenagamtide (GLP-1 + amylin)
  • Pemvidutide (glucagon + GLP-1)
  • Eloralintide (amylin)
  • Petrelintide (amylin)

What is not known about Brenipatide?

A validated dose, schedule, duration, safety margin, or reliable figure for how long it stays in the body.

8primary sources, each with the day we read it — open the documents used on this page